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Ĭyprus was placed under the UK's administration based on the Cyprus Convention in 1878 and was formally annexed by the UK in 1914. Subsequent rule by Ptolemaic Egypt, the Classical and Eastern Roman Empire, Arab caliphates for a short period, the French Lusignan dynasty and the Venetians was followed by over three centuries of Ottoman rule between 15 ( de jure until 1914). As a strategic location in the Eastern Mediterranean, it was subsequently occupied by several major powers, including the empires of the Assyrians, Egyptians and Persians, from whom the island was seized in 333 BC by Alexander the Great. Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two waves in the 2nd millennium BC. Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia, and Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world. The earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC. The country's capital and largest city is Nicosia. It is the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean and is located south of Turkey west of Syria northwest of the Gaza Strip, Israel, and Lebanon north of Egypt and southeast of Greece. Cyprus ( / ˈ s aɪ p r ə s/ ( listen)), officially called the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.